Diabetes and Insulin: What You Need to Know

Insulin is a critical medication for people with diabetes. It is a hormone the pancreas produces that helps regulate blood sugar levels. People with type 1 diabetes do not produce insulin, while those with type 2 diabetes may not produce enough insulin or have difficulty using it effectively. Insulin therapy involves injecting insulin to help regulate blood sugar levels and prevent complications associated with high blood sugar.

Here's what you need to know about insulin:

Types of Insulin

Several types of insulin are available, each with a different onset, peak, and duration of action. Rapid-acting insulin, such as insulin lispro, works quickly to lower blood sugar levels and is often used to cover meals. Long-acting insulin, such as insulin glargine, works more slowly and provides a steady background insulin level throughout the day.

Using Insulin

Insulin is typically administered via injection using a syringe, pen, or pump. The injection site and timing of injections will vary depending on the type of insulin and individual needs. It's essential to follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider and to rotate injection sites to prevent skin irritation or tissue damage.

Side Effects and Complications

Insulin therapy can cause side effects such as low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), weight gain, and skin reactions at injection sites. Hypoglycemia can cause symptoms such as shakiness, confusion, and sweating, potentially life-threatening if not treated promptly.

Complications associated with insulin therapy include insulin resistance, in which the body becomes less responsive to insulin over time, and lipohypertrophy, a buildup of fatty tissue at injection sites that can affect insulin absorption.

Managing Insulin Therapy

Managing insulin therapy involves monitoring blood sugar levels regularly, adjusting insulin doses as needed, and being aware of potential side effects and complications. Working closely with your healthcare provider to develop an individualized treatment plan that meets your needs is essential.

In conclusion, insulin is a critical medication for people with diabetes. Understanding the different types of insulin, how to use it, and the potential side effects and complications associated with insulin therapy is crucial for achieving good blood sugar control and preventing diabetes-related complications. Work closely with your healthcare provider to develop an individualized treatment plan that meets your needs and helps you manage your diabetes effectively.