What causes atherosclerosis?
HEART HEALTH
Atherosclerosis is a condition in which plaque, consisting of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances, accumulates inside the arteries, causing them to narrow and harden. This can restrict blood flow and lead to various cardiovascular complications. Several factors contribute to the development of atherosclerosis:
High cholesterol levels: Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, also known as "bad" cholesterol, can contribute to plaque buildup in the arterial walls.
High blood pressure: Consistently high blood pressure can damage the inner lining of the arteries, making it easier for cholesterol and other substances to accumulate and form plaque.
Smoking: Smoking damages the blood vessels and increases the risk of atherosclerosis. Chemicals in tobacco smoke can also elevate LDL cholesterol levels and reduce high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, known as "good" cholesterol.
Diabetes: High blood sugar levels associated with diabetes can damage the arteries and contribute to plaque formation. Moreover, people with diabetes often have other risk factors for atherosclerosis, such as high blood pressure and obesity.
Inflammation: Inflammation in the blood vessels may play a role in atherosclerosis development. The exact mechanisms are still being researched, but chronic inflammation can lead to arterial damage and plaque buildup.
Obesity: Excess body weight is associated with a higher risk of atherosclerosis. Obesity can also contribute to other risk factors, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes.
Sedentary lifestyle: Lack of physical activity can increase the risk of atherosclerosis by contributing to obesity, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol levels.
Age and family history: The risk of developing atherosclerosis increases with age, as the arteries naturally become less elastic over time. A family history of early heart disease or atherosclerosis can also increase your risk.
Unhealthy diet: Consuming a diet high in saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, and sodium can raise cholesterol levels and blood pressure, increasing the risk of atherosclerosis.
By addressing these risk factors through lifestyle changes and, if necessary, medical treatment, you can reduce your risk of developing atherosclerosis and its associated complications. It's essential to work closely with your healthcare provider to develop a personalized plan for maintaining your cardiovascular health.