What is the difference between angina and a heart attack?

Angina and heart attacks are both related to the heart, but they differ in their causes, symptoms, and severity. Understanding the differences between the two can help you recognize when to seek medical attention.

Angina:

1. Cause: Angina is caused by a temporary reduction in blood flow to the heart, usually due to narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries by plaque. This reduced blood flow leads to an insufficient supply of oxygen to the heart muscle, causing chest pain or discomfort.

2. Symptoms: Angina symptoms typically include chest pain or discomfort, which may be described as pressure, heaviness, tightness, or a squeezing sensation. The pain may also radiate to the arms, neck, jaw, or back. Angina symptoms usually last for a few minutes and are often triggered by physical exertion, emotional stress, or exposure to cold temperatures.

3. Treatment: Angina is generally treated with medications to relieve symptoms and reduce the risk of future episodes. Lifestyle changes, such as a heart-healthy diet, exercise, and stress management, are also recommended. In some cases, medical procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery may be needed to improve blood flow to the heart.

Heart Attack:

1. Cause: A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is severely reduced or completely blocked, usually by a blood clot. This interruption in blood flow can damage or destroy part of the heart muscle.

2. Symptoms: Heart attack symptoms can include severe and persistent chest pain, shortness of breath, cold sweat, nausea, vomiting, lightheadedness, and fatigue. Unlike angina, heart attack symptoms usually occur suddenly and do not resolve with rest or medication.

3. Treatment: A heart attack is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. Treatment options include medications to dissolve blood clots, reduce pain, and stabilize heart function, as well as medical procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery to restore blood flow to the heart.

In summary, angina is a temporary reduction in blood flow to the heart, causing chest pain or discomfort that typically resolves within a few minutes. A heart attack, on the other hand, is a more severe and potentially life-threatening condition caused by a complete blockage of blood flow to the heart, resulting in damage to the heart muscle. If you suspect you or someone else is experiencing a heart attack, call emergency services immediately.